Топик на английском «Health Care in America»
Рубрика: США
Each American wants to have a good health. Everybody knows that Americans are a very healthy nation. They do not only do many sport activities, but also consult a physician in time.
No matter if they have a splitting headache, a sore throat, backache or pain in the stomach, they always call a doctor in order to avoid serious consequences. The doctor usually prescribes medicine and puts on medication.
The USA has a health care system of high quality. You should be aware that the majority of medical institutions belong to businesses and different organizations in the private sector, and the American nation owns only a fifth of American hospitals.
Medical insurance in the USA comes from different sources such as social insurance, private insurance and social welfare that is funded by the government. Some state organizations offer free health insurance and some health care centers charge fees for treatment. The costs can be high, if medical centers are equipped with modern equipment and give high-quality medical services to all people.
Americans need to get high-quality health care services, and the USA do provides a strong health system.
Перевод:
Каждый американец хочет иметь хорошее здоровье. Всем известно, что американцы являются очень здоровой нацией. Они занимаются не только много спортом, но и обращаются к врачу вовремя.
Независимо от того, что их беспокоит — сильная головная боль, боль в горле, боль в спине или боль в желудке, они всегда обращаются к врачу, чтобы избежать серьезных последствий. Врач обычно прописывает лекарства и назначает лечение.
Система здравоохранения в США находится на высоком уровне. Вы слышали, что большинство медицинских учреждений принадлежат предприятиям и различным частным организациям, и государство владеет лишь пятой частью американских больниц.
Медицинское страхование в США поступает из различных источников, таких как социальное страхование, частное страхование и социальное обеспечение, финансируемое правительством. Некоторые государственные организации предлагают бесплатную медицинскую страховку, а некоторые медицинские центры берут оплату за лечение. Стоимость может быть высокой, если медицинские центры оснащены современным оборудованием и предоставляют высококачественные медицинские услуги всем людям.
Для американцев важно получать медицинские услуги на высоком уровне, и США обеспечивает их хорошей системой здравоохранения. Vocabulary:
Vocabulary:
To consult a physician – обращаться к врачу
To have a splitting headache – иметь сильную головную боль
To prescribe medicine – выписать лекарства
To put on medication – назначить лечение
Social welfare — социальное обеспечение
To be equipped with – быть оснащенным чем-то
Помогите пожалуйста срочно нужно перевод этого текста. Только без переводчика плизззз. ЗАРАНЕЕ СПАСИБО =))
MEDICAL SERVICE IN THE USA
In the USA there are three levels of organization of medical service: (he private doctor, the medical institution or hospital and the United State Public Health Service.
The average American has a doctor of his own, whom he calls his «family doctor». This doctor gives the patient regular examinations, vaccinations and medical advice. This doctor receives pay directly from the patient.
But some Americans with low income have no family doctor. They come directly to the hospital for all their medical needs. Here they are cared for by interns, residents (врачи,живущиеприбольнице) and the doctors who work there.
Text С. Medical Service in the USA
In the USA there are three levels of organization of medical service: the private doctor, the medical institution or hospital and the United State Public Health Service.
The average American has a doctor of his own, whom he calls his «family doctor». This doctor either has his own private office or works with several other doctors (the so-called «group practice»). This doctor gives the patient regular examinations, vaccinations and medical advice. This doctor generally receives pay directly from the patient.
But many Americans whose income is low have no family doctor. For instance, the majority of the Negroes living in the central part of Baltimore come directly to the hospital for all their medical needs. Here they are cared for in clinics by interns, residents (врачи, живущие при больнице) and the doctors who work there.
Each hospital has an «Emergency Room» which serves cases that need immediate attention. The broader questions of medicine such as vaccination of school children and studies of epidemics come under the control of the Public Health Service.
The great cost of medical care in the country and a great number of people who cannot pay for it have led to the development of two new programmes by the Federal Government—Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare provides free medical care for all the Americans over 65. Medicaid provides free medical care for all those whose income is below a certain level and who are not able to pay for medioul aid.
But during the coming years the decision has been taken to decrease the allocations on Medicare and Medicaid for 2 billion dollars. Within 1970— 1980 the cost of medical service of hospitalized patient has increased 3,5 times. In 1950 the cost of one hospital day was 15 dollars, and in 1980 it increased up to 240 dollars. The main scientific problems facing American medicine are the same as those facing Soviet medicine — heart diseases and cancer. Great effort is being taken to determine the causes of these diseases and their successful cure.
V. Translate the sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
1. Most cases of cancer are considered incurable. 2. He is a well trained medical adviser and can give qualified medical aid to the patient. 3. Thanks to the great achievements of medicine many infectious diseases have become curable. 4. It is advisable that the patient with stric ulcer should follow a definite diet.
VI. Express the following definitions in one word:
1. a physician who treats the diseases of the nervous system; 2. a specialist who treats the diseases of the inner organs; 3. a medical adviser who makes X- ray examinations and describes X-ray films; 4. a doctor who treats our teeth; 5. a doctor who treats mental disturbances; 6. a medical specialist who works in the field of infectious diseases; 7. a physician who treats cardiac diseases; 8. a surgeon who operates on the heart; 9. a scientist who works in the field of physiology; 10. a researcher who investigates the life of microorganisms
VII. In Text С find English equivalents to the following word combinations:
1. медицинское обслуживание; 2. домашний врач; 3. частный кабинет; 4. обслуживать больных; 5. находиться под контролем; 6. бесплатный медицинский уход; 7. ниже определенного уровня; 8. проблемы, стоящие перед советской медициной; 9. успешное излечение
VIII. Combine the pairs of sentences choosing the necessary conjunctions. Translate the sentences:
1. You may go to the polyclinic. You need medical advice, (provided, though) 2. In the USA most Negroes are the poor. Their income is very low. (after, because) 3. The patient must be admitted to the emergency room. He needs immediate surgical operation, (if, after) 4. Many diseases are cured successfully. The medicine has achieved great progress, (since, before) 5. In the USA Negroes have no family doctors. Private medical service is very expensive, (until, as)
IX. Read Text D. Speak about your impressions upon the courage of Soviet doctors in the Great Patriotic War
Task 3 Unit 1 Grade 10 Reading
Read the text again. Do you understand the words from the context? Tick the appropriate meaning for each word from the text (Read the text again. Do you understand the words in the context? Choose the right meaning for each word in the text)
first. sociable
a. friendly
b. unfriendly
2. vulnerable
a. able to be well protected
b. able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt
3. critical
a. say that something is good
b. say that something is bad
4. enormous
a. not very large
b. very very large
5. tend
a. likely to behave in a particular way
b. unlikely to behave in a particular way
Guide to answer
first. a (sociable = friendly: friendly, open)2. b (vulnerable = able to be physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt: vulnerable)3. b (critical = saying that something is bad: criticize, blame)4. b (enormous = very very large: huge, huge)5. a (tend = likely to behave in a particular way: tend)Translation
first. sociable
a. friendly
b. not friendly
2. vulnerable
a. well protected
b. can be easily hurt physically, emotionally, or mentally
3. criticize
a. say that something is good
b. say that something is bad
4. very big
a. not very big
b. very very big
5. take care
a. like to behave in a special way
b. don’t like to behave in a particular way
Task 2
Give a talk on family relations. Remember to discuss:• what family relations can be between the members of the family, why
• whether it is good to be an only child, why
• a generation gap and its reasons
• your relations with your family members
Families come in all shapes and sizes nowadays. At present more and more families are divorced and then their parents remarry. That’s why more children have step-brothers, stepsisters, half-brothers and half-sisters. No wonder that there can be some problems in the family relations. Members of many families suffer from misunderstanding because there is a great difference in their tastes and opinions. Besides, children don’t like it when there is too much control from their parents because they want to solve their problems independently. On the other hand, if the members of the family love each other there can be no or little argument and the family lives happily.
Some families have only one child nowadays and others have two, three or even more children. In my opinion, both kinds of families have some advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, if you are an only child in a family, you don’t have to share your room with anybody else. Besides, your parents give all their love and care only to you. On the other hand, if you have a brother or a sister, you have someone to play with or to talk to, and you’ll never feel bored. What is more, if you get into trouble, you have someone to help you or give some advice. As for me, I’m an only child in my family, but I think that having a brother or a sister is an amazing feeling, because you know that you won’t be lonely in any case and you have someone to share your thoughts and feelings.
There are a lot of problems and conflicts that appear between teenagers and their parents because they don’t understand each other. Generation gap will always exist not only because teenagers and their parents enjoy listening to different kinds of music. A lot of things are different: tastes, manners, behaviour and the stuff like that. Some parents don’t want to understand modern views, ideals and system of values so teens are afraid to tell them about their private life. Another reason for the generation gap, in my opinion, is that parents want their children to be clever and learn harder. They are always nagging when their children do badly at school. They make teens do their homework, though sometimes it is unnecessary. Parents don’t want to understand that there can be more important things than good marks in the school-leaving certificate. I believe it is necessary to bridge the generation gap and the only way to do it is for parents and children to speak frankly to each other and try to come to an agreement.
As for me, although I’m an only child, I don’t feel lonely because my parents always love and take care of me. What is more, we often discuss my problems together. Of course, sometimes I have arguments with my family but despite all our disagreements we always help each other. Everyone in my family is my best friend and I love my family very much.
Questions
1. Why are family relations so important for us?
2. How many children would you like to have in the future? Why?
3. Do you have any problems in your family? Why?
4. Do your relatives help you to solve your problems?
5. Do you always follow your parents’ advice? Why?
Task 1
Give a talk on family and family values. Remember to discuss:• what family values are most important for a happy family, why
• whether it is important to have a good family, why
• your family members and your relationship what household duties children should have, why
A family is an essential part of our society and I think everyone wants to have a happy family. Firstly, I believe that a happy family should have things sharing together like dreams and hopes, not only possessions. I think it’s great. Secondly a happy family is a place where respect dwells, a place where all members can enjoy the dignity of their own personalities. But in my opinion, love and trust are more important for a happy family than any other values, because without love happiness is impossible. If you love each other, then all obstacles will be overcome, and all gentle words will be found, and this cruel world will turn to you with a kind smile.
I think that having a good family is very important in our life because it is like a friendly port for us when the waves of life become too wild. We need a family for comfort and protection. For example, when I have some problems, my family always take my word against anybody else’s. And I’m sure I can always rely on their help. Besides, I think that it’s lovely to have the family round you and to know they are interested in you. You will never feel lonely.
There are four of us in my family: my parents, my brother and me. My father is a managing director. He is very clever and I respect him very much. Unfortunately, he is always very busy and has little time to spend with his family. My mother is a very friendly and likeable person but sometimes she can be quite critical of people. My brother is a student. We don’t have any secrets from each other and we get on very well. We are both fond of sports and often spend our free time playing sports games. My grandparents are retired and live in their country house. They are fond of gardening and I often visit them and help my Granny about the garden so I’ve got nice relationship with my grandparents.
I believe that children should be given as much responsibility about the house as possible. I don’t think that parents should do everything for them especially if they can do certain things by themselves. It’s very good for a child to learn to be able to take care of himself and his possessions from the very early age. Besides, I’m sure that everybody in the family should do their fair share, including children. They can do such household chores as cleaning, taking out rubbish, watering the flowers and everyday shopping.
My brother and I try to help mу mother to do the chores. I do most of the washing up, tidy my room and make my bed. I often go shopping. My brother is responsible for cleaning and repairing things and he sometimes cooks. In a loving family every person ought to do the chores. That is the way I see it.
Questions
1. Do you live in a nuclear or in a extended family?
2. Would you like to live with your grandparents? Why?
3. Who is the top dog in your family? Why?
4. Who runs the house in your family?
5. Do your parents teach you anything?
6. Do your relatives help you to solve your problems?
Другие вопросы из категории
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История бухгалтерского учёта столь же стара, как и цивилизация. Бухгалтеры участвовали в развитии городов, торговли, становлении такого понятия, как богатство. Также бухгалтеры внесли свой вклад в развитие письма, денег и банковского дела. Бухгалтерский учёт и развитие бизнес-отношений сыграли основную роль в развитии цивилизации и в становлении современного мира. С чего же началась история бухгалтерского учёта?
Первые истоки её уходят в глубь тысячелетий.
6000 лет тому назад, в тот момент, когда люди стали целенаправленно регистрировать факты хозяйственной жизни; 500 лет тому назад, когда вышла книга Луки Пачоли, и началось осмысление учета, и, наконец 100 лет тому назад, когда появились первые теоретические конструкции в области бухгалтерского учета.
1 Оur cоmponey attended to him.
Practice
7.1. Reading comprehension
Read the following passage and decide if the statements are T or F (Read the passage below and see if the statements are true or false.)
I’m Brian. I belong to a middle class family. There are six members in my family. They are our parents, students, I and my younger sister. Our grandfather is the head of the family. He enjoys a commanding position. His decision is final in family matters. Nobody can dare to go against him. Everybody respects him. He is the guardian of the family. He is a cool and considerate man. He is just and fair. His decision is never derived by any other. He is a retired teacher. He helps us in our study. Our grandmother tells good stories.
My father is a police officer. He is a great disciplinarian. He is sincere and hardworking. He always goes to office in time. My mother is a simple housewife. She is a postgraduate in English. She is soft-natured and caring. She takes great care of us. She does not care for her comfort for us. She looks after our business. She helps the poor and the needy. She is religious and God-fearing.
Our family has been known for discipline and values. We give great importance to values and morals in life. Since our early childhood, we are taught to respect the elders and love the children. We learnt the lesson of punctuality and honesty from our grandfather. It is due to the good education of our student that we could excel both in sports and education. Since our childhood we have been put into the habit of rising early in the morning. This has a natural effect on our health and physical fitness.
Our family is like a heaven. There is peace, prosperity, love and care. The younger’s have regard and respect for the elders while the elders shower them with their love and affection. The instructions of the elders are followed with great respect. If a member has some problem the whole family is beside him. I am proud of my family.
first. Brian’s family has six people.
2. His father’s decision is the most important in his family.
3. His grandfather’s decisions can be affected by grandmother’s opinions.
4. His father is disciplined.
5. His mother is gentle and considerate.
6. His grandfather taught him how to be on time and honest.
7. He doesn’t get used to getting up early in the morning.
8. Family members have mutual respects within the family.
9. Every members tries to solve their own problems.
ten. Brian loves his family..
Task 4 Unit 1 Grade 10 Reading
a. What does ‘it’ in line 11 mean …? (What does the word “it” in line 11 mean?)
A. women feeling happy
REMOVE. women seeing their husbands doing housework
OLD. the husbands doing housework
b. What does ‘it’ in line 14 mean …? (What does the word “it” in line 14 mean?)
A. A good example for children
REMOVE. Everyone working together in the house
OLD. A postotove family atmosphere
Guide to answer
CB
Translation
4. a. What does the word “it” mean in line 11?
A. women feel happy
B. women see their husbands doing housework
C. husbands who do housework
4. b What does the word ‘it’ in line 14 mean?
A. a good example for children
B. everyone in the house works together
C. a positive family atmosphere
Task 6 Unit 1 Grade 10 Reading
Discuss with a partner (Discuss with a friend)
first. Do you have any problems with sharing housework? (Do you have difficulty sharing housework?) 2. What benefits do you get when sharing housework? (What are the benefits you get from sharing the housework?)
Guide to answer
first. Do you have any problems with sharing housework? (Do you have difficulty sharing housework?) ⇒ No, I don’t. I am very happy when doing housework with my family. (No, I’m happy to do housework with my family.)2. What benefits do you get when sharing housework? (What are the benefits you get from sharing the housework?)⇒ I become sociable, happier and love my family more. (I became more approachable, happier and loved my family more)
Task 5 Unit 1 Grade 10 Reading
Answer the questions (Answer the questions)
first. How do children benefit from sharing housework? (How do children benefit from sharing housework?)2. Why do men tend to have better relationships with their wives when they share housework? (Why do men tend to have a better relationship with their wives when they share the housework?)3. What may happen to women whose husbands do not contribute to the household chores? (What can happen to women if their husbands don’t do housework?)4. How does the family benefit when everyone works together on household chores? (What is the benefit of the family when everyone does housework together?)
Guide to answer
1. How do children benefit from sharing housework? (How do children benefit from sharing housework?)⇒ They did better at school, became more sociable and have better relationships with their teachers and friends. (They do better in school, become more approachable, and have better relationships with teachers and friends.)2. Why do men tend to have better relationships with their wives when they share housework? (Why do men tend to have a better relationship with their wives when they share the housework?)⇒ Because it shows that they care about their wives and this makes their wives happy. (Because it shows that they care about their wives and this makes wives happy.)3. What may happen to women whose husbands do not contribute to the household chores? (What can happen to women if their husbands don’t do housework?)⇒ They may fall ill easily or may think about divorce. (They are prone to illness or divorce.)4. How does the family benefit when everyone works together on household chores? (What is the benefit of the family when everyone does housework together?)⇒ There is a positive atmostere for the family. (Positive atmosphere for family)
Task 2 Unit 1 Grade 10 Reading
Read the text below and decide which of the following is the best title for it Read the following text and decide which title below is the most appropriate.
a. Doing Housework is Good for Children
b. Husbands Who Share Housework Make Their Wives Happy
c. Sharing Housework Makes the Family Happier
In many cultures, doing housework is considered a woman’s duty. The mother is usually the homemaker, who has to do most of the household chores, while the father is the breadwinner, who is responsible for the family finances. However, it is not good for the mother when the rest of the family does not help out. When families share household chores, it is good for them as individuals and good for all the relationships within the family.
According to psychologists, most people do not realise the enormous benefits that come to a family when husbands and children share the housework. Children who share the housework with their mums and dads do better at school, become more sociable, and have better relationships with their teachers and friends. They learn good skills, are more responsible, and tend to be overall good people. When men share the housework, they tend to have better relationships with their wives. Women often feel happy when they see their husbands doing housework because It says, ‘He cares about me and he doesn’t want to put all of the housework on me.’ Women whose husbands do not contribute to the household chores are more vulnerable to illness and tend to think more about divorce.
When everyone works together on household chores, it creates a positive atmosphere for the family and sets a good example for the children. This is especially true if mum and dad can find a way to work well together and are not critical of each other.
Guide to answer
C (Sharing Housework Makes the Family Happier)
Translation
a. Housework is Good for Children.b. Husbands Share Housework Making Their Wife Happy.c. Share Housework Happier Family.
In many cultures, housework is seen as a woman’s duty. The mother is usually the housewife, who has to do most of the housework, while the father is the main breadwinner who takes care of the family’s finances. However, it is not good for the mother when the rest of the family does not help at all. When families share housework, it is good for all as well as for each individual and for all relationships in the family.
According to psychiatrists, most people do not realize the huge benefits that come to a family when husbands and children share the housework. Children who share housework with their mother and father often do better in school, become more open-minded, and have better relationships than teachers and friends. They learn good skills, and are more responsible, tend to be good people. When men share housework, they tend to have a better relationship with their wives. Women often feel happy to see their husbands doing housework because it says, “He cares about me and he doesn’t want to put all the housework on me.” Women whose husbands do not contribute to housework are more susceptible to illness and often think about divorce.
When everyone works together on housework, it creates a positive atmosphere for the family and sets a good example for children. This is especially true if mom and dad can figure out how to work well together and not judge each other.